Gallace, A., Tan, H. Z., & Spence, C. (2007). The Body Surface as a Communication System: The State of the Art after 50 Years. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 16(6), 655-676. doi:10.1162/pres.16.6.655

For an analysis of the relationship between femininity and electricity in the eighteenth century, see Wosk (2001, p. 68-72) and Delbourgo (2006, p. vital forces. Following Erkki Huhtamo’s suggestion that we read game machines as part of a broader history of human-machine relationships, I positionPeña, C. T. de la. (2003). The Body Electric How Strange Machines Built the Modern American. New York: New York University Press. Parisi’s publications include “Game Interfaces as Bodily Techniques,” “Fingerbombing, or ‘Touching is Good’: The Cultural Construction of Technologized Touch,” and “Tactile Modernity: On the Rationalization of Touch in the Nineteenth Century.” His manuscript project, Touch Machines: An Archaeology of Haptic Interfacing, grounds the present-day practices of touching and being touched by mediatic machines in a broader historical continuum that includes tactile encounters with eighteenth-century electrostatic generators, nineteenth-century psychophysical instruments, and twentieth-century electromechanical sensory substitution systems. By connecting tactility to programs of sensory education, regimentation, monitoring and quantification, Parisi’s argument provides a haptocentric counter to ocularcentric media archaeologies.

innovation” (Huhtamo, 1997, p. 223). As a consequence of this reframing, the interactivity cryptohistorians fetishize as unprecedented becomes instead part

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Delbourgo, J. (2006). A Most Amazing Scene of Wonders: Electricity and Enlightenment in Early America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. insist on a split between the recreational and medical uses of electricity; as I show throughout this article, coin-operated electrical machines rarely