Panati, Charles (2016). Panati's extraordinary origins of everyday things. Book Sales. ISBN 978-0-7858-3437-3. OCLC 962329974.

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a b c Davis, Nancy E. (2019). The Chinese lady: Afong Moy in early America. New York, NY. ISBN 978-0-19-093727-0. OCLC 1089978299. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)In ancient China, fans came in various shapes and forms (such as in a leaf, oval or a half-moon shape), and were made in different materials such as silk, bamboo, and feathers. [7] So far, the earliest fans that have been found date to the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period. It was suggested by the Cultural Relics Archaeology Institute of Hubei Province that these fans were made of either bamboo or feathers and were oftentimes used as burial objects in the State of Chu. [8] :3–4 The oldest existing Chinese fans are a pair of woven bamboo, wood or paper side-mounted fans from the 2nd century BC. [9] The Chinese form of the feather fan, known as yushan, was a row of feathers mounted in the end of a handle. The arts of fan making eventually progressed to the point that by the Jin dynasty, fans could come in different shapes and could be made in different materials. [8] :5 The selling of hexagonal-shaped fan was also recorded in the Book of Jin. [8] :5 Christian Europe's earliest known fan was the flabellum (ceremonial fan), which dates from the 6th century. It was used during services to drive insects away from the consecrated bread and wine. Its use died out in western Europe, but continues in the Eastern Orthodox and Ethiopian Churches.

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a b Lipinski, Edward R. (1999). The New York Times home repair almanac: a season-by-season guide for maintaining your home. Lebhar-Friedman Books. ISBN 0-86730-759-5. The Japanese developed the folding fan, the Akomeogi, during the sixth century. Portuguese traders introduced it to the west in the 16th century and soon both men and women throughout the continent adopted it. Next to the folding fan, the rigid hand screen fan was also a highly decorative and desired object among the higher social classes. Its purpose is different since they are more cumbersome to carry around. They were mostly used to shield a lady's face against the glare of the sun or the fire.Another popular type of Chinese fan was the palm leaf fan pukuishan ( Chinese: 蒲葵扇), also known as pushan ( Chinese: 蒲扇), which was made of the leaves and stalks of pukui ( Livistona chinensis). [10] Zheshan [ edit ]

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Keep collections to yourself or inspire other shoppers! Keep in mind that anyone can view public collections - they may also appear in recommendations and other places. Roberts, Jane. Unfolding Pictures: Fans in the Royal Collection. Publisher - Royal Collection (January 30, 2006. ISBN 1-902163-16-8Islami Andolan Bangladesh – an Islamic political party in Bangladesh that uses a hand fan as its electoral symbol Buddhist Monks Ceremonial Fans". Thebuddhasface.co.uk. Archived from the original on April 23, 2013 . Retrieved 2017-10-27. Personalized Wooden Fans，Bulk Wedding Fans，Wedding Folding Hand Fan,Hen Do Fan for Bridal Party,Bridesmaid Gifts A Filipina in traditional attire with an abaniko folding fan ( c. 1875) which played a large part in courtship etiquette in the colonial Philippines [32]