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The wives of Wycombe passed cake and wafers to her until her litter became so burdened that she had to beg them to stop." [38]

Thomas Seymour, Baron Seymour | English admiral". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020 . Retrieved 22 January 2020.

Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I of England in her coronation robes Elizabeth was a murder suspect - FACT Elizabeth was 14 years old when World War II started. London was bombed. Elizabeth and Margaret were moved to Windsor Castle. This was for their safety. People thought that they should be sent to Canada. Their mother did not approve this idea. In 1991, she became the first British monarch to speak to a joint session of the United States Congress. She goes to the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings. She is the most widely traveled head of state in history. [10] [12] a b Adams, S.; Gehring, D. S. (2013). "Elizabeth I's Former Tutor Reports on the Parliament of 1559: Johannes Spithovius to the Chancellor of Denmark, 27 February 1559". The English Historical Review. 128 (530): 43. doi: 10.1093/ehr/ces310. ISSN 0013-8266.

The Queen had several coats of arms. In the UK, they are known as the "Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom". Every British monarch has used these arms since the reign of Queen Victoria. The coats of arms used in Scotland and Canada are different to the arms used in England and Wales. While to this day we only have partial accounts of what took place between them, this episode has been much-discussed in both historical and fictional accounts of the Queen’s reign. Elizabeth was a natural redhead - FACT Elizabeth's personal religious convictions have been much debated by scholars. She was a Protestant, but kept Catholic symbols (such as the crucifix), and downplayed the role of sermons in defiance of a key Protestant belief. [53]The Queen's Suitors and the Problem of the Succession in As Elizabeth's Lord Keeper, Nicholas Bacon, put it on her behalf to parliament in 1559, the queen "is not, nor ever meaneth to be, so wedded to her own will and fantasy that for the satisfaction thereof she will do anything... to bring any bondage or servitude to her people, or give any just occasion to them of any inward grudge whereby any tumults or stirs might arise as hath done of late days". [235] The couple had four children. Charles was born on 14 November 1948. Their second child, Anne, was born on 15 August 1950. Their son Andrew was born on 19 February 1960. Their son Edward was born on 10 March 1964. The princes and princess sometimes use the name Mountbatten-Windsor. This is their official last name when they need one (royal families rarely use them). [19] Stoyle, Mark. West Britons, Cornish Identities and the Early Modern British State, University of Exeter Press, 2002, p. 220. When no invasion came, the nation rejoiced. Elizabeth's procession to a thanksgiving service at St Paul's Cathedral rivalled that of her coronation as a spectacle. [139] The defeat of the armada was a potent propaganda victory, both for Elizabeth and for Protestant England. The English took their delivery as a symbol of God's favour and of the nation's inviolability under a virgin queen. [122] However, the victory was not a turning point in the war, which continued and often favoured Spain. [141] The Spanish still controlled the southern provinces of the Netherlands, and the threat of invasion remained. [136] Walter Raleigh claimed after her death that Elizabeth's caution had impeded the war against Spain:

For several years she also seriously negotiated to marry Philip's cousin Charles II, Archduke of Austria. By 1569, relations with the Habsburgs had deteriorated. Elizabeth considered marriage to two French Valois princes in turn, first Henry, Duke of Anjou, and then from 1572 to 1581 his brother Francis, Duke of Anjou, formerly Duke of Alençon. [84] This last proposal was tied to a planned alliance against Spanish control of the Southern Netherlands. [85] Elizabeth seems to have taken the courtship seriously for a time, and wore a frog-shaped earring that Francis had sent her. [86] Most modern historians have considered murder unlikely; breast cancer and suicide being the most widely accepted explanations. [68] The coroner's report, hitherto believed lost, came to light in The National Archives in the late 2000s and is compatible with a downstairs fall as well as other violence. [69] In 1997, Prince Charles' ex-wife Lady Diana Spencer died in a car crash. The royal family went through a period of criticism from the media and public because the divorce had been very controversial. The East India Company was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region and China, and received its charter from Queen Elizabeth on 31 December 1600. For a period of 15 years, the company was awarded a monopoly on English trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. James Lancaster commanded the first expedition in 1601. The Company eventually controlled half of world trade and substantial territory in India in the 18th and 19th centuries. [171] Later yearsI will never break the word of a prince spoken in public place, for my honour's sake. And therefore I say again, I will marry as soon as I can conveniently, if God take not him away with whom I mind to marry, or myself, or else some other great let [obstruction [87]] happen. [88] Roberts, Michael (1968). The Early Vasas: A History of Sweden, 1523–1611. Cambridge. pp.159, 207. ISBN 978-1-0012-9698-2. It includes both monarchies and republics. It is now called "The Commonwealth". The Queen is the Head of the Commonwealth. She worked hard to keep peace and good communication between all the nations that are members. At the time of her death, Queen Elizabeth II was head of state of fifteen countries including the UK. Elizabeth I Was Likely Anything But a Virgin Queen". 4 February 2019. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020 . Retrieved 1 August 2020.

Elizabeth established an English church that helped shape a national identity and remains in place today. [224] [225] [226] Those who praised her later as a Protestant heroine overlooked her refusal to drop all practices of Catholic origin from the Church of England. [y] Historians note that in her day, strict Protestants regarded the Acts of Settlement and Uniformity of 1559 as a compromise. [228] [229] In fact, Elizabeth believed that faith was personal and did not wish, as Francis Bacon put it, to "make windows into men's hearts and secret thoughts". [230] [231] Elizabeth II ( Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1925 – 8 September 2022) was Head of the Commonwealth and the Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms from 1952 until her death in 2022. [1] The new state religion was condemned at the time in such terms as "a cloaked papistry, or mingle mangle". [227] When Elizabeth became Queen on 6 February 1952, she was officially Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon (now called Sri Lanka). These were the Commonwealth countries. She was also Queen of the Union of South Africa (which became a republic in 1961). Dobson, Michael & Watson, Nicola (2003), Elizabeth's Legacy in Elizabeth: The Exhibition at the National Maritime Museum (2003).The more Elizabeth's beauty faded, the more her courtiers praised it. [193] Elizabeth was happy to play the part, [s] but it is possible that in the last decade of her life she began to believe her own performance. She became fond and indulgent of the charming but petulant young Earl of Essex, who was Leicester's stepson and took liberties with her for which she forgave him. [198] She repeatedly appointed him to military posts despite his growing record of irresponsibility. After Essex's desertion of his command in Ireland in 1599, Elizabeth had him placed under house arrest and the following year deprived him of his monopolies. [199] In February 1601, Essex tried to raise a rebellion in London. He intended to seize the queen but few rallied to his support, and he was beheaded on 25 February. Elizabeth knew that her own misjudgements were partly to blame for this turn of events. An observer wrote in 1602: "Her delight is to sit in the dark, and sometimes with shedding tears to bewail Essex." [200] Death Elizabeth's death depicted by Paul Delaroche, 1828 One observer wrote that Ulster, for example, was "as unknown to the English here as the most inland part of Virginia". [152] a b Levin, Carole (2 December 2004). "All the Queen's Children: Elizabeth I and the Meanings of Motherhood". Explorations in Renaissance Culture. 30 (1): 57–76. doi: 10.1163/23526963-90000274. ISSN 2352-6963. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021 . Retrieved 10 August 2020. Bartels, Emily Carroll (2008). Speaking of the Moor. University of Pennsylvania Press. p.24. ISBN 978-0-8122-4076-4. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020 . Retrieved 22 October 2020.