Super common little helper ingredient thathelps products to remain nice and stable for a longer time. It does so by neutralizing the metal ions in the formula (that usually get into there from water) that would otherwise cause some not so nice changes.

Hi – I’m just starting out on the Retinol road and would appreciate your advice as you seem to have so much knowledge and experience. I have slightly sensitive skin and am looking for a night cream or serum which will deal with the early stages of wrinkles. Which would you recommend?If you’re trying a retinol cream for the first time, start with a formula that has a low concentration — around 0.05 percent — to minimize irritation. Once your skin can tolerate it, you can gradually increase the percentage. Always conduct a patch test when starting a new retinol moisturizer. Since this moisturizer is so thin, a little bit of product goes a long way. I found that this retinol cream took an unusual amount of time to rub into the skin. We also kept different skin types in mind because certain creams work better for different skin characteristics.

Of course, you’ll still find some OTC retinol creams that don’t have any hydrating properties, so you’ll have to use those with a moisturizer. Look for a formula with encapsulated retinol to reduce irritation. Start with a lower concentration every other two to three days. Gradually work your way up to a higher dose daily.Because retinol can be drying, look for a retinol moisturizer that includes moisturizing ingredients such as hyaluronic acid , ceramides , glycerin , peptides , and shea butter to boost moisture and minimize irritation and dryness. A generally accepted ballpark number is that retinol is 10-to-20 times less potent than retinoic acid