Adulterated Chinese wine seized". Drinkingny.wordpress.com. 27 December 2010. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014 . Retrieved 17 May 2014. How much pressure is there in a champagne bottle?". BBC Science Focus Magazine. Archived from the original on 4 June 2021 . Retrieved 4 June 2021. Wine as a share of total alcohol consumption". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020 . Retrieved 5 March 2020. In the 1990s, a quote attributed to the Bordeaux winemaker Bruno Prats began being repeated in the mainstream wine press and among wine investors like a sacred mantra: “There are no more bad vintages.” The implication was that advances in farming and winemaking technology had all but conquered nature. In 2000, the late wine journalist Frank J Prial declared in the New York Times: “The fact of the matter is that in the cellar and the vineyard, the winemakers of the world have rendered the vintage chart [a historical record of which years are considered by critics to have been good or bad for winemaking] obsolete.” Just as the end of the cold war led some to declare ‘the end of history’ a decade earlier, it seemed that mankind had arrived at the end of wine. There was nothing to do but accept the new reality.

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a b c Doce, Elisa Guerra (2004). "The Origins of Inebriation: Archaeological Evidence of the Consumption of Fermented Beverages and Drugs in Prehistoric Eurasia". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 22 (3): 751–782. doi: 10.1007/s10816-014-9205-z. S2CID 143750976.Land of wines". Wines from Spain. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007 . Retrieved 17 July 2007. Platman, Clive (2 October 2002). "Wine: Lovely bubbly". Birmingham Post. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013 . Retrieved 26 June 2008.

Wine - Wikipedia Wine - Wikipedia

Literary references to wine are abundant in Homer (8th century BCE, but possibly relating earlier compositions), Alkman (7th century BCE), and others. In ancient Egypt, six of 36 wine amphoras were found in the tomb of King Tutankhamun bearing the name "Kha'y", a royal chief vintner. Five of these amphoras were designated as originating from the king's personal estate, with the sixth from the estate of the royal house of Aten. [31] Traces of wine have also been found in central Asian Xinjiang in modern-day China, dating from the second and first millennia BCE. [32] Pressing wine after the harvest; Tacuinum Sanitatis, 14th century The AOC are liars,” Olivier’s son Baptiste, who has taken over several of his father’s vineyards, told me. “The local designations were created to protect small producers, but now they just enforce poor quality.” The inconsistency, the impurity, the strong smells, the bits of stems and yeasts that sometimes make it into the bottle – all this signals to the consumer that natural wine is an alternative to the bland, monotonous “perfection” of commercial products, in the same way that slight asymmetries distinguish handmade furniture. Natural wine offers a nothing-to-hide-here image at odds with the stuffy culture of the traditional wine world. To many people for whom a restaurant wine list represents a hellish combination of a geography, history and chemistry test specially designed to make them feel stupid, there is something very appealing about upending the critical hierarchy, or at least being told it can be ignored. Vintage wines are generally bottled in a single batch so that each bottle will have a similar taste. Climate's impact on the character of a wine can be significant enough to cause different vintages from the same vineyard to vary dramatically in flavor and quality. [93] Thus, vintage wines are produced to be individually characteristic of the particular vintage and to serve as the flagship wines of the producer. Superior vintages from reputable producers and regions will often command much higher prices than their average ones. Some vintage wines (e.g. Brunello), are only made in better-than-average years.Adjarian, Hrachia. Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian). Vol.I. Yerevan: Yerevan State University. p.559. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020 . Retrieved 6 April 2014. Main articles: Christian views on alcohol and Alcohol in the Bible Jesus making wine from water in The Marriage at Cana, a 14th-century fresco from the Visoki Dečani monastery Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (May 2006). "Change to Vintage Date Requirements (2005R-212P)". Federal Register. 71 (84): 25748. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008 . Retrieved 26 June 2008. Griswold, Max G.; Fullman, Nancy; Hawley, Caitlin; Arian, Nicholas; Zimsen, Stephanie R M.; Tymeson, Hayley D.; Venkateswaran, Vidhya; Tapp, Austin Douglas; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Salama, Joseph S.; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abate, Degu; Abay, Solomon M.; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abebe, Zegeye; Aboyans, Victor; Abrar, Mohammed Mehdi; Acharya, Pawan; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.; Adhikari, Tara Ballav; Adsuar, Jose C.; Afarideh, Mohsen; Agardh, Emilie Elisabet; Agarwal, Gina; Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi; Agrawal, Sutapa; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Akibu, Mohammed; etal. (August 2018). "Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016". Lancet. 392 (10152): 1015–1035. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2. PMC 6148333. PMID 30146330.

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B.A.C. Per Drink". 6 October 2018. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020 . Retrieved 4 May 2020. Wregg is fastidious when describing soil types or winemaking practice, but tends to interpret the final product with a loose, anarchic air, like a seditious schoolteacher who knows the curriculum but urges students to doubt the validity of the system that created it. “Customers will tell me, ‘Oh, the 2015 is not like the 2014’, and I say ‘Good’, because, well, those are different years, and if the winemaker was farming honestly and not trying to manipulate the wine towards some idea of quality, it’s always going to be different”, he said. Once one accepts the premises of natural wine, he continued, “In a certain way, all bets are off. Everything is valid, everything is as good as everything else.” This is a problem for the big estates,” said Cyril Dubrey, a winemaker in the village of Martillac, about 50km south of Château Palmer. “You need to be OK with losing some barrels, or to simply accept the wine you made.” Dubrey’s wine is fresh and very acidic, with a slight dusty earthiness – a long way from the density and power of the Château Palmer wines. But it is very good, and true to his DIY operation; Dubrey’s small vineyard butts up against the basketball nets and swimming pools of his neighbours’ yards.

Martirosyan, Hrach (2010). Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon. Leiden, Boston: Brill Academic Publishers. p. 214. ISBN 9789004173378. Zeraattalab-Motlagh, Sheida; Jayedi, Ahmad; Shab-Bidar, Sakineh (8 November 2021). "The effects of resveratrol supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 114 (5): 1675–1685. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab250. PMID 34320173. Li, Yuanbo; Bardaji, Isabel (2018), New wine world from Asia Development, regional comparison and opportunities for the wine industry in China (PDF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, p.1, archived (PDF) from the original on 23 May 2022 , retrieved 6 June 2021