Fortress of the Muslim (Pocket Size)

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Roxburgh, David J. (ed.) (2014). Envisioning Islamic Art and Architecture. Brill. ISBN 9789004280281, pp. 18–19. a b c Checa, Fernando (1998). "The Art of the Renaissance". In Barral i Altet, Xavier (ed.). Art and Architecture of Spain. Bulfinch Press. p.260. ISBN 0821224565. I seek refuge in Allah from Satan the outcast. - Allah! There is none worthy of worship but He, the Ever Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists. Neither slumber nor sleep overtakes Him. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His Permission? He knows what happens to them in this world, and what will happen to them in the Hereafter. And they will never encompass anything of His Knowledge except that which He wills. His Throne extends over the heavens and the earth, and He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving them. And He is the Most High, the Most Great. O Allah, Knower of the unseen and the evident , Maker of the heavens and the earth , Lord of everything and its Possessor , I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship but You . I seek refuge in You from the evil of my soul and from the evil of Satan and his helpers . (I seek refuge in You) from bringing evil upon my soul and from harming any Muslim.

All praise is due to Allah alone, and peace and blessings be upon his final Messenger (pbuh), after whom there is no other Prophet. a b c d M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Ceramics; IV. 1250–1500; D. Spain and North Africa.". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911. Fournier, Caroline (2016). Les Bains d'al-Andalus: VIIIe-XVe siècle. Histoire. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes. ISBN 9782753555457. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022 . Retrieved 11 February 2022. The Fountain of Lindaraja". Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022 . Retrieved 19 February 2022.CVC. Rinconete. Acordes". Cvc.cervantes.es. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012 . Retrieved 4 April 2012. Denny, Walter B. (2009). "Alhambra". In Esposito, John L. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195305135. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) British composer Peter Seabourne wrote an extended piano cycle Steps Volume 3: Arabesques (2008–2012) based on shared experiences of the Alhambra with his painter aunt Ann Seabourne, [241] [242] [243] and a movement from his Steps Volume 1 is entitled "El Suspiro del Moro" inspired by the legend of the expulsion of the last Moorish King of Granada. In 2000, Julian Anderson wrote a piece for contemporary chamber ensemble, Alhambra Fantasy.

The Palace of the Lions is one of the most famous palaces in Islamic architecture and exemplifies the apogee of Nasrid architecture under the reign of Muhammad V. [17] Its central rectangular courtyard measures about 28.7 meters long and 15.6 meters wide, with its long axis aligned roughly east-to-west. [159] The arches and columns of the surrounding portico are arranged in a complex pattern of single columns alternating with groups of two or three columns, a design that was unique in Islamic architecture. [160] Two ornate pavilions stand at the east and west sides of the courtyard, while the center is occupied by the famed Fountain of the Lions. The fountain consists of a large basin surrounded by twelve stylized lion sculptures, all carved from marble. [161] Along the rim of the fountain's basin is an inscribed poem composed by Ibn Zamrak. This praises the beauty of the fountain and the power of the lions, but it also describes their hydraulic systems and how they worked. [162] Painted ceiling with Nasrid figures in the Hall of Kings O Allah , whatever blessing has been received by me or anyone of Your creation 1 is from You alone , You have no partner . All praise is for you and thanks is to You. 2 a b Borges, Victor (2 February 2012). "Nasrid Plasterwork: Symbolism, Materials & Techniques". Victoria and Albert Museum Online Museum. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022 . Retrieved 20 February 2022. The main approach to the Alhambra today is through the Alhambra Woods in the valley on its south side. The outer entrance to the woods is through the Puerta de las Granadas ('Gate of the Pomegranates'), a formal Renaissance-style gate built in 1536 over the remains of an earlier Islamic-era gate. [219] Within the woods is the Puerta de Birambla (from Arabic Bab al-Ramla), one of the former Islamic-era gates in Granada's city walls which was demolished between 1873 and 1884 and then reconstructed here in 1933. [220] To the south of the Puerta de las Granadas are the Torres Bermejas ('Vermilion Towers'), a group of three adjacent towers on the Mauror Hill. Their origin is not clear, but the oldest remains found here date from the late 8th century or early 9th century. [221] They may have been inhabited by Muhammad I (the founder of the Nasrid dynasty). In the 16th century, during the Christian Spanish era, an artillery bastion was added to them on the northwest side. [222] The Council was known as the "Council of the Alhambra and of the Palace of Charles V" until 1951, when it became known as the "Council of the Alhambra and the Generalife". [81]Jazayeri, S. M. V. Mousavi; Michelli, Perette E.; Abulhab, Saad D. (2017). A Handbook of Early Arabic Kufic Script: Reading, Writing, Calligraphy, Typography, Monograms. Blautopf Publishing. p.9. ISBN 978-0-9981727-4-3. Archived from the original on 2 May 2022 . Retrieved 13 April 2022.