Tension/Extension Springs: These springs are cylindrical and in shape and have tight spaces between coils. Springs with special constructions exist for absorbing heavier loads or for fitting in mechanisms with small clearances.

In this type of spring, the end hooks experience more stress than the coil, which becomes the initial site for failure.The types of ends available for springs depend on the spring type since extension, compression, and torsion springs have different options regarding the types of ends they may have. In lieu of using this material it may be better to use an alloy spring steel, particularly if a long fatigue life or high endurance properties are needed. This is used as a balancing element in mechanical watches that gives the oscillating time controller its natural frequency.

Chromium Silicon, ASTM A401: This alloy is used for highly stressed springs that require long life and are subjected to shock loading. For a given cross-sectional area of the spring, the force can be converted into stress, while the deflection can be described as strain.As with closed end springs, open end compression springs can have their ends ground down and flattened. Inconel* (78 percent nickel, 14 percent chromium, 7 percent iron): This is one of the most popular of the non-magnetic nickel-base alloys because of its corrosion resistance and because it can be used at temperatures up to 700 °F. In designing a helical spring for a particular application, the parameters usually known are the applied force and the length of the spring. Hooke‘s law states that the force applied to the spring is directly proportional to its deflection, provided that it is within the elastic range. percent carbon): This material is similar to the MB grade except that it has a higher carbon content and a higher tensile strength.