Frontal lobe: Prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex (Brodmann area 6), Broca’s area (Brodmann areas 44 and 45) The vertebral arteries gain access to the cranial vault via the foramen magnum anterolateral to the brainstem. Concerning the branches, each vertebral artery:

About fifteen percent (15%) of the daily cardiac output is utilized by the brain. Owing to the high oxygen and nutrient demand of the organ, it is supplied by two arterial systems: Brain aneurysms can develop in anyone at any age, but are more common in people over the age of 40. Going lateral from the ventricles, the next set of structures are the subcortical structures; thalamus and basal ganglia.Severe head injuries can cause subarachnoid bleeding, but this is a separate problem known as a traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage. Adam, A., Dixon, A, K., Gillard, J. H., et al. (2015). Grainger & Allison’s Diagnostic Radiology (6th ed.). England, UK: Churchill Livingstone.

Chen, M. Y. M, Pope, T. L., Ott, D. J. (2011). Basic Radiology (2nd edition). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Two sets of blood vessels supply blood and oxygen to the brain: the vertebral arteries and the carotid arteries. The pineal gland is located deep in the brain and attached by a stalk to the top of the third ventricle. The pineal gland responds to light and dark and secretes melatonin, which regulates circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle. Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid Temporal lobe. The sides of the brain, temporal lobes are involved in short-term memory, speech, musical rhythm and some degree of smell recognition. However, the more this book went on, the more it felt so over the top and made topics that should be really important, feel really trivialised.

Causes of subarachnoid haemorrhages

The vertebral arteries follow the spinal column into the skull, where they join together at the brainstem and form the basilar artery, which supplies blood to the rear portions of the brain. The posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) are terminal branches arising from the bifurcation of the basilar artery. The division takes place behind the dorsum sellae. It is separated from the superior cerebellar artery by the oculomotor nerve (CN III). The artery continues in a course lateral to the midbrain (adjacent to the trochlear nerve, CN IV). It gives off the posterior communicating artery, which completes the circle of Willis. The vessel then continues to course around the cerebral peduncles toward the tentorial aspect of the cerebrum. Here, it supplies the occipital and temporal lobes. The arachnoid mater: This is a thin layer of web-like connective tissue. Under this layer is cerebrospinal fluid that helps cushion the brain and spinal cord. More details about the development, course and their target regions of the individual vessels can be found in their respective articles. Key facts Development The glossopharyngeal nerve: Important for sensory information from parts of the tongue and stimulating specific throat muscles